Journal Description
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials
is an international, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal, published semimonthly online by MDPI. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves nanomaterials, with respect to their science and application. The Spanish Carbon Group (GEC) is affiliated with Nanomaterials and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Physics, Applied) / CiteScore - Q1 (General Chemical Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion journals for Nanomaterials include: Nanomanufacturing and Applied Nano.
Impact Factor:
5.3 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
5.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Long-Term Stable Cycling of Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Batteries Using ZIF-90@PP Composite Separator
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 975; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110975 - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are anticipated to meet the demand for high energy density, but the growth of lithium dendrites seriously hinders its practical application. Herein, we constructed a kind of composite separator (ZIF-90@PP) consisting of zeolite imidazole framework-90 (ZIF-90) and polypropylene (PP)
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Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are anticipated to meet the demand for high energy density, but the growth of lithium dendrites seriously hinders its practical application. Herein, we constructed a kind of composite separator (ZIF-90@PP) consisting of zeolite imidazole framework-90 (ZIF-90) and polypropylene (PP) to promote the uniform deposition of Li+ and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. The aldehyde groups interacting with TFSI− and the nitrogen-containing negative groups attracting Li+ of ZIF-90 can facilitate the dissociation of LiTFSI to release more Li+, thus alleviating the influence of space charge near the electrode surface and accelerating the transfer of Li+. Not only does the excellent electrolyte wettability of ZIF-90 enhance the electrolyte retention capacity of the separator, but the orderly nano-channels in ZIF-90 also restrict the free migration of anions and homogenize the distribution of Li+. Consequently, the functional separator achieves a long-term stable Li plating/stripping cycling for over 780 h at 2 mA cm−2. Moreover, an impressive average coulombic efficiency of 98.67% at 0.5 C after 300 cycles is realized by Li || LFP full cells based on ZIF-90@PP with a capacity retention rate of 71.22%. The high-rate and long cycling performance of the modified Li || LFP cells further demonstrates the advantages of the ZIF-90@PP composite separator.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Applications of Nanomaterials in Energy Systems, 2nd Volume)
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Comparative Study of Callistemon citrinus (Bottlebrush) and Punica granatum (Pomegranate) Extracts for Sustainable Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Oral Antimicrobial Efficacy
by
Enas Ismail, Abubaker Mohamed, Amir Elzwawy, Ernest Maboza, Mokhotjwa Simon Dhlamini and Razia Z. Adam
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 974; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110974 - 4 Jun 2024
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A comparative study was applied to investigate the potential of Callistemon citrinus (bottlebrush) flower extract (BBE) and Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extracts (PPE) for the sustainable synthesis of the silver nanoparticles, Ag-BBE and Ag-PPE, respectively. The synthesis process of Ag NPs using the
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A comparative study was applied to investigate the potential of Callistemon citrinus (bottlebrush) flower extract (BBE) and Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extracts (PPE) for the sustainable synthesis of the silver nanoparticles, Ag-BBE and Ag-PPE, respectively. The synthesis process of Ag NPs using the selected extracts was applied under optimized conditions. Hence, the effect of the selected plant’s type on the different characteristics of the synthesized green Ag NPs was investigated. The UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed the presence of the characteristic silver peaks at 419 and 433 nm of the Ag-BBE and Ag-PPE, respectively. The XRD spectra reported the fcc phase formation of Ag NPs. The TEM results highlighted the morphological features of the synthesized Ag NPs. with a size range of 20–70 nm, and with 10–30 nm for Ag-BBE and Ag-PPE, correspondingly. The Raman spectra revealed characteristic silver bands in the Ag-PPE and reflected some bands related to the natural extract in the Ag-BBE sample. The antimicrobial activity and statistical analysis investigation were conducted against four selected oral pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Candida albicans (CA), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epi), and Enterococcus faecalis (EF)). Both tested extracts, BBE, and PPE, revealed potential effectivity as reducing and capping agents for Ag NP green synthesis. However, the synthesized NPs demonstrated different features, depending on the used extract, reflecting the influence of the plant’s biomolecules on the nanoparticles’ properties.
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Open AccessArticle
Enhanced Adsorptivity of Hexavalent Chromium in Aqueous Solutions Using CTS@nZVI Modified Wheat Straw-Derived Porous Carbon
by
Tiantian Deng, Hansheng Li, Su Ding, Feng Chen, Jingbao Fu and Junwei Zhao
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110973 - 3 Jun 2024
Abstract
Using KOH-modified wheat straw as the precursor, wheat straw biochar was produced through carbonization at 500 °C. Subsequently, a synthetic material containing nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) was prepared via liquid phase reduction (nZVI-WSPC). To enhance its properties, chitosan (CTS) was used by crosslinking to
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Using KOH-modified wheat straw as the precursor, wheat straw biochar was produced through carbonization at 500 °C. Subsequently, a synthetic material containing nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) was prepared via liquid phase reduction (nZVI-WSPC). To enhance its properties, chitosan (CTS) was used by crosslinking to form the new adsorbent named CTS@nZVI-WSPC. The impact of CTS on parameters such as mass ratio, initial pH value, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption efficiency of Cr(VI) in solution was investigated through one-factor experiments. Isotherm adsorption and thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by CTS@nZVI-WSPC conforms to the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 147.93 mg/g, and the adsorption process is endothermic. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption mechanism, as elucidated by SEM, FTIR, XPS, and XRD, suggests that the process may involve multiple mechanisms, including pore adsorption, electrostatic adsorption, chemical reduction, and surface chelation. The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) by CTS@nZVI-WSPC remains high after five cycles. The adsorbent is simple to operate, economical, efficient, and reusable, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of Cr(VI) in water.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials in Water Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Harnessing Quantum Capacitance in 2D Material/Molecular Layer Junctions for Novel Electronic Device Functionality
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Bhartendu Papnai, Ding-Rui Chen, Rapti Ghosh, Zhi-Long Yen, Yu-Xiang Chen, Khalil Ur Rehman, Hsin-Yi Tiffany Chen, Ya-Ping Hsieh and Mario Hofmann
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 972; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110972 - 3 Jun 2024
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Two-dimensional (2D) materials promise advances in electronic devices beyond Moore’s scaling law through extended functionality, such as non-monotonic dependence of device parameters on input parameters. However, the robustness and performance of effects like negative differential resistance (NDR) and anti-ambipolar behavior have been limited
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Two-dimensional (2D) materials promise advances in electronic devices beyond Moore’s scaling law through extended functionality, such as non-monotonic dependence of device parameters on input parameters. However, the robustness and performance of effects like negative differential resistance (NDR) and anti-ambipolar behavior have been limited in scale and robustness by relying on atomic defects and complex heterojunctions. In this paper, we introduce a novel device concept that utilizes the quantum capacitance of junctions between 2D materials and molecular layers. We realized a variable capacitance 2D molecular junction (vc2Dmj) diode through the scalable integration of graphene and single layers of stearic acid. The vc2Dmj exhibits NDR with a substantial peak-to-valley ratio even at room temperature and an active negative resistance region. The origin of this unique behavior was identified through thermoelectric measurements and ab initio calculations to be a hybridization effect between graphene and the molecular layer. The enhancement of device parameters through morphology optimization highlights the potential of our approach toward new functionalities that advance the landscape of future electronics.
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Open AccessArticle
Structural Characterization and Magnetic Behavior Due to the Cationic Substitution of Lanthanides on Ferrite Nanoparticles
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Cristóbal Pinto García, Arianne Maine, Rodrigo A. Valenzuela-Fernández, Álvaro Aliaga Cerón, Patricia Barahona Huenchumil, Octavio Peña, Inmaculada Álvarez-Serrano, Andrés Ibáñez, Francisco Melo and Antonio Galdámez Silva
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 971; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110971 - 3 Jun 2024
Abstract
A new series of [Fe3−xLnx]O4 nanoparticles, with Ln = Gd; Dy; Lu and x = 0.05; 0.1; 0.15, was synthesized using the coprecipitation method. Analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)
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A new series of [Fe3−xLnx]O4 nanoparticles, with Ln = Gd; Dy; Lu and x = 0.05; 0.1; 0.15, was synthesized using the coprecipitation method. Analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) indicate that all phases crystallized in space group , characteristic of spinels. The XRD patterns, HRTEM, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM-EDS), and Raman spectra showed single phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Rietveld analysis, and Scherrer’s calculations confirm that these materials are nanoparticles with sizes in the range of ~6 nm to ~13 nm. Magnetic measurements reveal that the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the as-prepared ferrites increases with lanthanide chemical substitution (x), while the coercivity (Hc) has low values. The Raman analysis confirms that the compounds are ferrites and the Ms behavior can be explained by the relationship between the areas of the signals. The magnetic measurements indicate superparamagnetic behavior. The blocking temperatures (TB) were estimated from ZFC-FC measurements, and the use of the Néel equation enabled the magnetic anisotropy to be estimated.
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(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials and Metal-Organic Frameworks)
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Open AccessArticle
The Enhanced Photoluminescence Properties of Carbon Dots Derived from Glucose: The Effect of Natural Oxidation
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Pei Zhang, Yibo Zheng, Linjiao Ren, Shaojun Li, Ming Feng, Qingfang Zhang, Rubin Qi, Zirui Qin, Jitao Zhang and Liying Jiang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110970 - 3 Jun 2024
Abstract
The investigation of the fluorescence mechanism of carbon dots (CDs) has attracted significant attention, particularly the role of the oxygen-containing groups. Dual-CDs exhibiting blue and green emissions are synthesized from glucose via a simple ultrasonic treatment, and the oxidation degree of the CDs
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The investigation of the fluorescence mechanism of carbon dots (CDs) has attracted significant attention, particularly the role of the oxygen-containing groups. Dual-CDs exhibiting blue and green emissions are synthesized from glucose via a simple ultrasonic treatment, and the oxidation degree of the CDs is softly modified through a slow natural oxidation approach, which is in stark contrast to that aggressively altering CDs’ surface configurations through chemical oxidation methods. It is interesting to find that the intensity of the blue fluorescence gradually increases, eventually becoming the dominant emission after prolonging the oxidation periods, with the quantum yield (QY) of the CDs being enhanced from ~0.61% to ~4.26%. Combining the microstructure characterizations, optical measurements, and ultrafiltration experiments, we hypothesize that the blue emission could be ascribed to the surface states induced by the C–O and C=O groups, while the green luminescence may originate from the deep energy levels associated with the O–C=O groups. The distinct emission states and energy distributions could result in the blue and the green luminescence exhibiting distinct excitation and emission behaviors. Our findings could provide new insights into the fluorescence mechanism of CDs.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photofunctional Nanomaterials and Nanostructures)
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Open AccessArticle
Low-Polarization, Broad-Spectrum Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
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Meng Zhang, Tianyi Zhang, Hui Tang, Lei Liang, Yongyi Chen, Li Qin, Yue Song, Yuxin Lei, Peng Jia, Yubing Wang, Cheng Qiu, Yuntao Cao, Yongqiang Ning and Lijun Wang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 969; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110969 - 2 Jun 2024
Abstract
Polarization-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) in all-optical networks can improve the signal-light quality and transmission rate. Herein, to reduce the gain sensitivity to polarization, a multi-quantum-well SOA in the 1550 nm band is designed, simulated, and developed. The active region mainly comprises the
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Polarization-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) in all-optical networks can improve the signal-light quality and transmission rate. Herein, to reduce the gain sensitivity to polarization, a multi-quantum-well SOA in the 1550 nm band is designed, simulated, and developed. The active region mainly comprises the quaternary compound InGaAlAs, as differences in the potential barriers and wells of the components cause lattice mismatch. Consequently, a strained quantum well is generated, providing the SOA with gain insensitivity to the polarization state of light. In simulations, the SOA with ridge widths of 4 µm, 5 µm, and 6 µm is investigated. A 3 dB gain bandwidth of >140 nm is achieved with a 4 µm ridge width, whereas a 6 µm ridge width provides more output power and gain. The saturated output power is 150 mW (21.76 dB gain) at an input power of 0 dBm but increases to 233 mW (13.67 dB gain) at an input power of 10 dBm. The polarization sensitivity is <3 dBm at −20 dBm. This design, which achieves low polarization sensitivity, a wide gain bandwidth, and high gain, will be applicable in a wide range of fields following further optimization.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanophotonics Materials and Devices)
Open AccessArticle
Preparation of Few-Layered MoS2 by One-Pot Hydrothermal Method for High Supercapacitor Performance
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Qingling Jia, Qi Wang, Lingshuai Meng, Yujie Zhao, Jing Xu, Meng Sun, Zijian Li, Han Li, Huiyu Chen and Yongxing Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 968; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110968 - 2 Jun 2024
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a typical layered material, has important applications in various fields, such as optoelectronics, catalysis, electronic devices, sensors, and supercapacitors. Extensive research has been carried out on few-layered MoS2 in the field of electrochemistry due to its large
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Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a typical layered material, has important applications in various fields, such as optoelectronics, catalysis, electronic devices, sensors, and supercapacitors. Extensive research has been carried out on few-layered MoS2 in the field of electrochemistry due to its large specific surface area, abundant active sites and short electron transport path. However, the preparation of few-layered MoS2 is a significant challenge. This work presents a simple one-pot hydrothermal method for synthesizing few-layered MoS2. Furthermore, it investigates the exfoliation effect of different amounts of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a stripping agent on the layer number of MoS2. Na+ ions, as alkali metal ions, can intercalate between layers to achieve the purpose of exfoliating MoS2. Additionally, NaBH4 exhibits reducibility, which can effectively promote the formation of the metallic phase of MoS2. Few-layered MoS2, as an electrode for supercapacitor, possesses a wide potential window of 0.9 V, and a high specific capacitance of 150 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. This work provides a facile method to prepare few-layered two-dimensional materials for high electrochemical performance.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors)
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The Role of Oxygen Vacancies in Phase Transition and the Optical Absorption Properties within Nanocrystalline ZrO2
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Jing Ouyang, Yonghui Peng, Wentao Zhou, Xianfeng Liang, Gang Wang, Qi Zhang and Bo Yuan
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 967; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110967 - 2 Jun 2024
Abstract
Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using a solvothermal method under varying synthesis conditions, namely acidic, neutral, and alkaline. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were leveraged to investigate the phase evolution and topographical features in detail. The
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Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using a solvothermal method under varying synthesis conditions, namely acidic, neutral, and alkaline. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were leveraged to investigate the phase evolution and topographical features in detail. The resulting crystal phase structures and grain sizes exhibited substantial variation based on these conditions. Notably, the acidic condition fostered a monoclinic phase in ZrO2, while the alkaline condition yielded a combination of tetragonal and monoclinic phases. In contrast, ZrO2 obtained under neutral conditions demonstrated a refinement in grain sizes, constrained within a 1 nm scale upon an 800 °C thermal treatment. This was accompanied by an important transformation from a monoclinic phase to tetragonal phase in the ZrO2. Furthermore, a rigorous examination of XPS data and a UV-visible spectrometer (UV-vis) analysis revealed the significant role of oxygen vacancies in phase stabilization. The notable emergence of new energy bands in ZrO2, in stark contrast to the intrinsic bands observed in a pure monoclinic sample, are attributed to these oxygen vacancies. This research offers valuable insights into the novel energy bands, phase stability, and optical absorption properties influenced by oxygen vacancies in ZrO2. Moreover, it proposes an innovative energy level model for zirconia, underpinning its applicability in diverse technological areas.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Optical Nanomaterials)
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Encapsulation and Evolution of Polyynes Inside Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
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Kunpeng Tang, Yinong Li, Yingzhi Chen, Weili Cui, Zhiwei Lin, Yifan Zhang and Lei Shi
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 966; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110966 - 2 Jun 2024
Abstract
Polyyne is an sp-hybridized linear carbon chain (LCC) with alternating single and triple carbon–carbon bonds. Polyyne is very reactive; thus, its structure can be easily damaged through a cross-linking reaction between the molecules. The longer the polyyne is, the more unstable it becomes.
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Polyyne is an sp-hybridized linear carbon chain (LCC) with alternating single and triple carbon–carbon bonds. Polyyne is very reactive; thus, its structure can be easily damaged through a cross-linking reaction between the molecules. The longer the polyyne is, the more unstable it becomes. Therefore, it is difficult to directly synthesize long polyynes in a solvent. The encapsulation of polyynes inside carbon nanotubes not only stabilizes the molecules to avoid cross-linking reactions, but also allows a restriction reaction to occur solely at the ends of the polyynes, resulting in long LCCs. Here, by controlling the diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), polyynes were filled with high yield below room temperature. Subsequent annealing of the filled samples promoted the reaction between the polyynes, leading to the formation of long LCCs. More importantly, single chiral (6,5) SWCNTs with high purity were used for the successful encapsulation of polyynes for the first time, and LCCs were synthesized by coalescing the polyynes in the (6,5) SWCNTs. This method holds promise for further exploration of the synthesis of property-tailored LCCs through encapsulation inside different chiral SWCNTs.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation, Properties, and Applications of One-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials)
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Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized through Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition
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Melorina Dolafi Rezaee, Biplav Dahal, John Watt, Mahir Abrar, Deidra R. Hodges and Wenzhi Li
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 965; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110965 - 2 Jun 2024
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin films were synthesized by using a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method with a low flow rate (200 sccm) of mixed gases (Ar and H2). SWCNT thin films with different thicknesses can be prepared by
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Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin films were synthesized by using a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method with a low flow rate (200 sccm) of mixed gases (Ar and H2). SWCNT thin films with different thicknesses can be prepared by controlling the collection time of the SWCNTs on membrane filters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the SWCNTs formed bundles and that they had an average diameter of 1.46 nm. The Raman spectra of the SWCNT films suggested that the synthesized SWCNTs were very well crystallized. Although the electrical properties of SWCNTs have been widely studied so far, the Hall effect of SWCNTs has not been fully studied to explore the electrical characteristics of SWCNT thin films. In this research, Hall effect measurements have been performed to investigate the important electrical characteristics of SWCNTs, such as their carrier mobility, carrier density, Hall coefficient, conductivity, and sheet resistance. The samples with transmittance between 95 and 43% showed a high carrier density of 1021–1023 cm−3. The SWCNTs were also treated using Brønsted acids (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4) to enhance their electrical properties. After the acid treatments, the samples maintained their p-type nature. The carrier mobility and conductivity increased, and the sheet resistance decreased for all treated samples. The highest mobility of 1.5 cm2/Vs was obtained with the sulfuric acid treatment at 80 °C, while the highest conductivity (30,720 S/m) and lowest sheet resistance (43 ohm/square) were achieved with the nitric acid treatment at room temperature. Different functional groups were identified in our synthesized SWCNTs before and after the acid treatments using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties, and Cutting-Edge Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Photonic Nanochains for Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Physiological Environment
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Gongpu Shi, Luying Si, Jinyang Cai, Hao Jiang, Yun Liu, Wei Luo, Huiru Ma and Jianguo Guan
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110964 - 1 Jun 2024
Abstract
Diabetes is a common disease that seriously endangers human health. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is important for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Glucose-sensing photonic nanochains (PNCs) have the advantages of naked-eye colorimetric readouts, short response time and noninvasive detection of diabetes, showing
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Diabetes is a common disease that seriously endangers human health. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is important for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Glucose-sensing photonic nanochains (PNCs) have the advantages of naked-eye colorimetric readouts, short response time and noninvasive detection of diabetes, showing immense potential in CGM systems. However, the developed PNCs cannot disperse in physiological environment at the pH of 7.4 because of their poor hydrophilicity. In this study, we report a new kind of PNCs that can continuously and reversibly detect the concentration of glucose (Cg) in physiological environment at the pH of 7.4. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) added to the preparation of PNCs forms hydrogen bonds with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in Fe3O4@PVP colloidal nanoparticles and the hydrophilic monomer N-2-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAAm), which increases the content of PHEAAm in the polymer shell of prepared PNCs. Moreover, 4-(2-acrylamidoethylcarbamoyl)-3-fluorophenylboronic acid (AFPBA), with a relatively low pKa value, is used as the glucose-sensing monomer to further improve the hydrophilicity and glucose-sensing performances of PNCs. The obtained Fe3O4@(PVP-PAA)@poly(AFPBA-co-HEAAm) PNCs disperse in artificial serum and change color from yellow-green to red when Cg increases from 3.9 mM to 11.4 mM, showing application potential for straightforward CGM.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nanofabrication and Nanomanufacturing)
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Influence of Hole Transport Layers on Buried Interface in Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Phase Segregation
by
Fangfang Cao, Liming Du, Yongjie Jiang, Yangyang Gou, Xirui Liu, Haodong Wu, Junchuan Zhang, Zhiheng Qiu, Can Li, Jichun Ye, Zhen Li and Chuanxiao Xiao
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 963; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110963 - 1 Jun 2024
Abstract
Light-induced phase segregation, particularly when incorporating bromine to widen the bandgap, presents significant challenges to the stability and commercialization of perovskite solar cells. This study explores the influence of hole transport layers, specifically poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA) and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz), on the dynamics of
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Light-induced phase segregation, particularly when incorporating bromine to widen the bandgap, presents significant challenges to the stability and commercialization of perovskite solar cells. This study explores the influence of hole transport layers, specifically poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA) and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz), on the dynamics of phase segregation. Through detailed characterization of the buried interface, we demonstrate that Me-4PACz enhances perovskite photostability, surpassing the performance of PTAA. Nanoscale analyses using in situ Kelvin probe force microscopy and quantitative nanomechanical mapping techniques elucidate defect distribution at the buried interface during phase segregation, highlighting the critical role of substrate wettability in perovskite growth and interface integrity. The integration of these characterization techniques provides a thorough understanding of the impact of the buried bottom interface on perovskite growth and phase segregation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing the Sustainable Application of Nanostructured Materials in Solar Cells)
Open AccessArticle
Performance Projection of Vacuum Gate Dielectric Doping-Free Carbon Nanoribbon/Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors for Radiation-Immune Nanoelectronics
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Khalil Tamersit, Abdellah Kouzou, José Rodriguez and Mohamed Abdelrahem
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 962; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110962 - 1 Jun 2024
Abstract
This paper investigates the performance of vacuum gate dielectric doping-free carbon nanotube/nanoribbon field-effect transistors (VGD-DL CNT/GNRFETs) via computational analysis employing a quantum simulation approach. The methodology integrates the self-consistent solution of the Poisson solver with the mode space non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) in
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This paper investigates the performance of vacuum gate dielectric doping-free carbon nanotube/nanoribbon field-effect transistors (VGD-DL CNT/GNRFETs) via computational analysis employing a quantum simulation approach. The methodology integrates the self-consistent solution of the Poisson solver with the mode space non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) in the ballistic limit. Adopting the vacuum gate dielectric (VGD) paradigm ensures radiation-hardened functionality while avoiding radiation-induced trapped charge mechanisms, while the doping-free paradigm facilitates fabrication flexibility by avoiding the realization of a sharp doping gradient in the nanoscale regime. Electrostatic doping of the nanodevices is achieved via source and drain doping gates. The simulations encompass MOSFET and tunnel FET (TFET) modes. The numerical investigation comprehensively examines potential distribution, transfer characteristics, subthreshold swing, leakage current, on-state current, current ratio, and scaling capability. Results demonstrate the robustness of vacuum nanodevices for high-performance, radiation-hardened switching applications. Furthermore, a proposal for extrinsic enhancement via doping gate voltage adjustment to optimize band diagrams and improve switching performance at ultra-scaled regimes is successfully presented. These findings underscore the potential of vacuum gate dielectric carbon-based nanotransistors for ultrascaled, high-performance, energy-efficient, and radiation-immune nanoelectronics.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices)
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Effects of Composition and Polymerization Conditions on the Electro-Optic Performance of Liquid Crystal–Polymer Composites Doped with Ferroelectric Nanoparticles
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Gaby Nordendorf, Gisela Jünnemann-Held, Alexander Lorenz and Heinz-Siegfried Kitzerow
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 961; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110961 - 31 May 2024
Abstract
The presence of a polymer network and/or the addition of ferroelectric nanoparticles to a nematic liquid crystal are found to lower transition temperatures and birefringence, which indicates reduced orientational order. In addition, the electro-optic switching voltage is considerably increased when a polymer network
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The presence of a polymer network and/or the addition of ferroelectric nanoparticles to a nematic liquid crystal are found to lower transition temperatures and birefringence, which indicates reduced orientational order. In addition, the electro-optic switching voltage is considerably increased when a polymer network is formed by in situ polymerization in the nematic state. However, the resulting polymer network liquid crystal switches at similar voltages as the neat liquid crystal when polymerization is performed at an elevated temperature in the isotropic state. When nanoparticle dispersions are polymerized at an applied DC voltage, the transition temperatures and switching voltages are reduced, yet they are larger than those observed for polymer network liquid crystals without nanoparticles polymerized in the isotropic phase.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics: Materials, Devices and Applications)
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Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Infrared Analysis of Double Perovskites Pr2NiMnO6, Gd2NiMnO6, and Er2NiMnO6 Functional Nano-Ceramics
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Mebark Elhamel, Zoulikha Hebboul, Djamal Benbertal, Pablo Botella and Daniel Errandonea
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110960 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
We synthesized Pr2NiMnO6, Gd2NiMnO6, and Er2NiMnO6 double perovskites in a nano-ceramic form by a sol–gel method. By means of room-temperature X-ray powder diffraction measurements, we determined the crystal structure of the three
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We synthesized Pr2NiMnO6, Gd2NiMnO6, and Er2NiMnO6 double perovskites in a nano-ceramic form by a sol–gel method. By means of room-temperature X-ray powder diffraction measurements, we determined the crystal structure of the three compounds, which is monoclinic, corresponding to a double perovskite structure, described by space group P21/n structure. From the determined structures, the bulk moduli were estimated to be 173–179 GPa. The average size particle of nanoparticles was determined from X-ray diffraction by the Langford method plot and by the Scherrer formula. The morphology and homogeneity of nanoparticles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. We found that they form compact agglomerations of approximately 200 nm in diameter. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements were performed, determining the absorption spectrum. The assignment of the measured infrared absorption bands is discussed.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nanocomposite Materials)
Open AccessArticle
Effect of MnO2 Nanoparticles Stabilized with Cocamidopropyl Betaine on Germination and Development of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seedlings
by
Andrey Nagdalian, Andrey Blinov, Alexey Gvozdenko, Alexey Golik, Zafar Rekhman, Igor Rzhepakovsky, Roman Kolesnikov, Svetlana Avanesyan, Anastasiya Blinova, Maxim Pirogov, Pavel Leontev, Alina Askerova, Evgeniy Tsykin and Mohammad Ali Shariati
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 959; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110959 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the effect of cocamidopropyl betaine-stabilized MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the germination and development of pea seedlings. The synthesized NPs manifested as aggregates ranging from 50–600 nm, comprising spherical particles sized between 19 to 50
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This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the effect of cocamidopropyl betaine-stabilized MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the germination and development of pea seedlings. The synthesized NPs manifested as aggregates ranging from 50–600 nm, comprising spherical particles sized between 19 to 50 nm. These particles exhibited partial crystallization, indicated by peaks at 2θ = 25.37, 37.62, 41.18, 49.41, 61.45, and 65.79°, characteristic of MnO2 with a tetragonal crystal lattice with a I4/m spatial group. Quantum chemical modelling showed that the stabilization process of MnO2 NPs with cocamidopropyl betaine is energetically advantageous (∆E > 1299.000 kcal/mol) and chemically stable, as confirmed by the positive chemical hardness values (0.023 ≤ η ≤ 0.053 eV). It was revealed that the interaction between the MnO2 molecule and cocamidopropyl betaine, facilitated by a secondary amino group (NH), is the most probable scenario. This ascertain is supported by the values of the difference in total energy (∆E = 1299.519 kcal/mol) and chemical hardness (η = 0.053 eV). These findings were further confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy. The effect of MnO2 NPs at various concentrations on the germination of pea seeds was found to be nonlinear and ambiguous. The investigation revealed that MnO2 NPs at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L resulted in the highest germination energy (91.25%), germinability (95.60%), and lengths of roots and seedlings among all experimental samples. However, an increase in the concentration of preparation led to a slight growth suppression (1–10 mg/L) and the pronounced inhibition of seedling and root development (100 mg/L). The analysis of antioxidant indicators and phytochemicals in pea seedlings indicated that only 100 mg/L MnO2 NPs have a negative effect on the content of soluble sugars, chlorophyll a/b, carotenoids, and phenols. Conversely, lower concentrations showed a stimulating effect on photosynthesis indicators. Nevertheless, MnO2 NPs at all concentrations generally decreased the antioxidant potential of pea seedlings, except for the ABTS parameter. Pea seedlings showed a notable capacity to absorb Mn, reaching levels of 586.5 μg/L at 10 mg/L and 892.6 μg/L at 100 mg/L MnO2 NPs, surpassing the toxic level for peas according to scientific literature. However, the most important result was the observed growth-stimulating activity at 0.1 mg/L MnO2 NPs stabilized with cocamidopropyl betaine, suggesting a promising avenue for further research.
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(This article belongs to the Section Biology and Medicines)
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Open AccessArticle
Electrochemical Determination of Uric Acid Using a Nanocomposite Electrode with Molybdenum Disulfide/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MoS2@MWCNT)
by
Johisner Penagos-Llanos, Rodrigo Segura, Amaya Paz de la Vega, Bryan Pichun, Fabiana Liendo, Fernando Riesco and Edgar Nagles
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110958 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
This paper presents an application for a molybdenum disulfide nanomaterial with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MoS2@MWCNT/E) in a modified electrode substrate for the detection of uric acid (UA). The modified electrode generates a substantial three-fold increase in the anodic peak current for
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This paper presents an application for a molybdenum disulfide nanomaterial with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MoS2@MWCNT/E) in a modified electrode substrate for the detection of uric acid (UA). The modified electrode generates a substantial three-fold increase in the anodic peak current for UA compared to the unmodified MWCNT electrode (MWCNT/E). The MoS2@MWCNT/E surface was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The achieved detection limit stood at 0.04 µmol/L, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.0% (n = 10). The method’s accuracy, assessed through relative error and percent recovery, was validated using a urine standard solution spiked with known quantities of UA.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Solvent-Induced Lignin Conformation Changes Affect Synthesis and Antibacterial Performance of Silver Nanoparticle
by
Dan Li and Liheng Chen
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 957; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110957 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the development of novel, sustainable, and biocompatible antibacterial agents. This study addresses cytotoxicity and environmental concerns associated with traditional silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by exploring lignin, a readily available and renewable biopolymer, as a platform for AgNPs. We
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The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the development of novel, sustainable, and biocompatible antibacterial agents. This study addresses cytotoxicity and environmental concerns associated with traditional silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by exploring lignin, a readily available and renewable biopolymer, as a platform for AgNPs. We present a novel one-pot synthesis method for lignin-based AgNPs (AgNPs@AL) nanocomposites, achieving rapid synthesis within 5 min. This method utilizes various organic solvents, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to a wide range of lignin-dissolving systems. Characterization reveals uniform AgNP size distribution and morphology influenced by the chosen solvent. This adaptability suggests the potential for incorporating lignin-loaded antibacterial drugs alongside AgNPs, enabling combined therapy in a single nanocomposite. Antibacterial assays demonstrate exceptional efficacy against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with gamma-valerolactone (GVL)-assisted synthesized AgNPs exhibiting the most potent effect. Mechanistic studies suggest a combination of factors contributes to the antibacterial activity, including direct membrane damage caused by AgNPs and sustained silver ion release, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. This work presents a straightforward, adaptable, and rapid approach for synthesizing biocompatible AgNPs@AL nanocomposites with outstanding antibacterial activity. These findings offer a promising and sustainable alternative to traditional antibiotics, contributing to the fight against antibiotic resistance while minimizing environmental impact.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass-Based Functional Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Application)
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Open AccessArticle
SnS Quantum Dots Enhancing Carbon-Based Hole Transport Layer-Free Visible Photodetectors
by
Rui Zhang, Jing Li, Sainan Liao, Shuxin Huang, Chenguang Shen, Mengwei Chen and Yingping Yang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110956 - 29 May 2024
Abstract
The recombination of charges and thermal excitation of carriers at the interface between methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (PVK) and the carbon electrode are crucial factors that affect the optoelectronic performance of carbon-based hole transport layer (HTL)-free perovskite photodetectors. In this work, a method
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The recombination of charges and thermal excitation of carriers at the interface between methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (PVK) and the carbon electrode are crucial factors that affect the optoelectronic performance of carbon-based hole transport layer (HTL)-free perovskite photodetectors. In this work, a method was employed to introduce SnS quantum dots (QDs) on the back surface of perovskite, which passivated the defect states on the back surface of perovskite and addressed the energy-level mismatch issue between perovskite and carbon electrode. Performance testing of the QDs and the photodetector revealed that SnS QDs possess energy-level structures that are well matched with perovskite and have high absorption coefficients. The incorporation of these QDs into the interface layer effectively suppresses the dark current of the photodetector and greatly enhances the utilization of incident light. The experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of SnS QDs reduces the dark current by an order of magnitude compared to the pristine device at 0 V bias and increases the responsivity by 10%. The optimized photodetector exhibits a wide spectral response range (350 nm to 750 nm), high responsivity (0.32 A/W at 500 nm), and high specific detectivity (>1 × 1012 Jones).
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)
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